What Is the Electron Configuration of Sulfur Atomic Number 16
Sulfur History
The element Sulfur was discovered by Ancient china in year 500 BC in unknown place . Sulfur derived its name from the Latin word sulphur, 'fire and brimstone'
Sulfur Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Sulfur in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
| Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
|---|---|
| Abundance in Universe | 0.0005 |
| Abundance in Sun | 0.0004 |
| Abundance in Meteorites | 0.04 |
| Abundance in Earth's Crust | 0.00042 |
| Abundance in Oceans | 0.00093 |
| Abundance in Humans | 0.002 |
Crystal Structure of Sulfur
The solid state structure of Sulfur is Face Centered Orthorhombic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
| a | b | c |
|---|---|---|
| 1043.7 | 1284.5 | 2436.9 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
| alpha | beta | gamma |
|---|---|---|
| π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Sulfur Atomic and Orbital Properties
Sulfur atoms have 16 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 6] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 3P2.
Shell Structure of Sulfur - Electrons per energy level
| n | s | p | d | f | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | 2 | |||
| 2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
| 3 | M | 2 | 4 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Sulfur - neutral Sulfur atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Sulfur atom is [Ne] 3s2 3p4. The portion of Sulfur configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ne]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3s2 3p4, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Sulfur
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Sulfur atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
Atomic Structure of Sulfur
Sulfur atomic radius is 88 pm, while it's covalent radius is 102 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Sulfur
Sulfur Chemical Properties: Sulfur Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Sulfur is 200 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Sulfur
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Sulfur
| Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| 1 | 999.6 |
| 2 | 2252 |
| 3 | 3357 |
| 4 | 4556 |
| 5 | 7004.3 |
| 6 | 8495.8 |
| 7 | 27107 |
| 8 | 31719 |
| 9 | 36621 |
| 10 | 43177 |
Sulfur Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Sulfur Physical Properties
| Density | 1.96 g/cm3 |
| Molar Volume | 16.3596938776 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Sulfur - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Sulfur Electrical Properties
Sulfur is Insulator of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Sulfur
Sulfur Heat and Conduction Properties
Sulfur Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Sulfur
Acoustic Properties of Sulfur
Sulfur Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Sulfur
Enthalpies of Sulfur
Sulfur Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Sulfur
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Sulfur has 4 stable isotope - 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S.
| Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26S | ||||
| 27S | ||||
| 28S | ||||
| 29S | ||||
| 30S | ||||
| 31S | ||||
| 32S | 94.93% | Stable | N/A | |
| 33S | 0.76% | Stable | N/A | |
| 34S | 4.29% | Stable | N/A | |
| 35S | ||||
| 36S | 0.02% | Stable | N/A | |
| 37S | ||||
| 38S | ||||
| 39S | ||||
| 40S | ||||
| 41S | ||||
| 42S | ||||
| 43S | ||||
| 44S | ||||
| 45S | ||||
| 46S | ||||
| 47S | ||||
| 48S | ||||
| 49S |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
| CAS Number | CAS7704-34-9 |
| RTECS Number | {RTECSWS4250000, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| DOT Hazard Class | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| DOT Numbers | "N/A", "N/A", "N/A", "N/A", "N/A", "N/A" |
| EU Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| NFPA Fire Rating | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| NFPA Hazards | N/ A, N/ A, N/ A, N/ A, N/ A, N/ A |
| NFPA Health Rating | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| NFPA Reactivity Rating | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
| Database | Identifier number |
|---|---|
| CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7704-34-9 |
| CID Number | {CID5362487, CID5460602, CID139340, CID139602, CID66348, CID66348} |
| Gmelin Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| NSC Number | {N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
| RTECS Number | {RTECSWS4250000, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A, N/A} |
What Is the Electron Configuration of Sulfur Atomic Number 16
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/s-sulfur
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